胶体电解质胶凝时间的调控

从制备工艺的选择、胶凝剂的含量、温度和混合胶配方等4个角度,调控胶体电解质的胶凝时间。胶/酸混合工艺能制得长胶凝时间的胶体电解质,分散粒径越小,胶凝时间越长。在现有抽真空灌胶条件下,气相二氧化硅的含量须小于3.5%。降低温度能延长胶凝时间,要求制备过程中对硫酸进行预冷和减小混合时硫酸的浓度,以降低稀释热。采用气相二氧化硅与硅溶胶混合制成的混合胶配方能延长胶凝时间,并提高电池的性能。     

氧化锌法脱硫技术在回转窑烟气处理中的应用

湿法炼锌过程中产出的浸出渣,采用回转窑处理,排放的烟气SO2浓度峰值期间达不到国家颁布的最新排放标准。通过对烟气脱硫工艺的研究分析,并结合生产实际情况,最终采用了氧化锌法工艺处理回转窑烟气。该技术应用使回转窑烟气SO₂浓度降到400 mg/Nm³以下,达到国家铅锌行业最新排放标准。并且脱硫剂利用厂内生产过程的产生的烟尘,脱硫产物可返回其他工序回收锌,副产品可在厂内循环利用,无任何废弃物外排,不会造成二次污染。     

Al2O3含量对放电等离子烧结Al2O3/Cu复合材料组织与性能的影响

以微米级Cu粉为基体相,纳米Al₂O₃颗粒为绝缘相,采用机械球磨和放电等离子烧结工艺相结合的方法制备Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料,研究Al₂O₃含量对复合材料微观结构、电阻率和热导率的影响。结果表明,Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料为核?壳结构,随Al₂O₃含量增加,Al₂O₃包覆层对Cu基体的包覆效果逐渐提升;当w(Al₂O₃)为5%时,Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料的热导率较高,为85.92 W/(m·K),但电阻率偏低,仅为12.6 mΩ·cm。当w(Al₂O₃)增加至15%时,虽然Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料的密度降至6.69 g/cm³,孔隙率较高,但电阻率显著提高至2.09×10⁸ mΩ·cm,约为Cu电阻率的10¹¹倍,且热导率为7.6 W/(m·K),明显高于传统金属基板的热导率。     

Investigation on the cold-strip breakage of SUS445J2 ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel during rolling process

In this work,the cause of the cold-strip breakage of SUS445J2 ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel was investigated using optical microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy,and electron backscatter diffraction technique.Results show that during cold rolling,the breakage of the stainless steel strip was mainly caused by massive niobium-rich(Nb-rich)carbides present in the center of the strip.Furthermore,cracks initiated at these carbides in the central layer.The massive carbide precipitates resulted from the segregation and enrichment of Nb,titanium(Ti),and carbon(C)in the central layer during the subsequent solidification stage of SUS445J2 stainless steel.Additionally,the banded structure and coarse ferrite grains in the central layer reduced the plasticity of the material,causing cracks to propagate along these grains and finally leading to cold-strip breakage.By reducing the solidification cooling rate of the billet,increasing the pouring temperature,discretizing Nb,Ti,and C enrichment via electromagnetic stirring,and forming equiaxed crystals in the central layer,the precipitation of harmful massive Nb-rich carbides in the central layer could be effectively avoided.     

高分二号卫星数据在特高压项目环水保监测中的应用研究

高分二号卫星具有高空间分辨率、高定位精度和快速姿态机动能力等特点。文章以锡盟～胜利1100kV特高压交流输变电工程为研究区,利用NDVI理论,研究基于高分二号卫星数据提取特高压项目环保水保监测内容的扰动区中的应用。结果表明:扰动区提取率为65.2%,在很大程上减少了人工现场调查工作;提取精度优于88%,提取效果优良。利用此方法,能够有效解决特高压项目环保水保监测信息获取不及时、管控不到位的现状。     

Photodegradation of phenol red in the presence of oxyhydroxide of Fe(III) (Goethite) under artificial and a natural light

The (α‐FeOOH) Goethite composite is a stable and an efficient catalyst in aqueous suspension under irradiation at 365 nm and by solar light. The photocatalytic activities of this composite were evaluated using Phenol Red (PR) dye (phenolsulfonphthalein class). In the dark, controlling factors, such as the pH and the adsorption of PR on Goethite surface were evaluated (before starting the photochemical experiments). It was found that the system PR‐Goethite present a small decrease in the main band of the dye (435 nm) which was explained by the low rate of adsorption of this dye on the Goethite. Also, we note that 40% of PR decolourisation was obtained after 200 min by the system PR‐Goethite‐hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in dark due to the formation of ^?OH by thermal decomposition of H₂O₂ on the surface of Goethite. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as initial dye concentration, pH, photocatalyst amount, tert‐Butyl alcohol effect and H₂O₂ addition were investigated in the study of photodegradation of the dye. The results showed that the photodegradation of PR under UV‐A (365 nm) irradiation could be enhanced greatly in the presence of H₂O₂. Natural radiation tests (under sunlight) showed that degradation was faster comparing with that obtained using the artificial one at 365 nm. Studies of the mineralization using total organic carbon method under naturel light certify that this method, compatible with the environment, may be considered in the treatment of wastewater and generally in the process of removal of this kind of pollutant.     

基于"2+2+1" 模式的风景园林本科实践教学体系构建研究——以厦门大学嘉庚学院为例

文章通过对多元化的风景园林教育进行调研分析,立足于工学背景下以建筑学为基础的风景园林专业,依托建筑学成熟的教学体系,着重探讨风景园林专业的实践教学,充分发挥五年学制的优势,采取“2+2+1”的模式,从实践教学的目标、内容、执行及支撑等方面探讨风景园林专业本科教学中实践体系的构建。     

Design and optimization of small hydropower systems in water distribution networks under consideration of rehabilitation measures

Small hydro power systems (SHPSs) are increasingly installed in water distribution systems (WDSs). With only minor adaptations in a WDS, pressure surplus can be utilised. In such systems, a water surplus is also often available. In this work, water consumption data of a real Alpine WDS over one year are used as an input for an Epanet2 long-term simulation model to assess such a SHPS. In addition, the combinations of pressure and water surplus devices in a WDS are investigated. For such a specific investigated case, the yearly profit of 1750 € for a single SHPS could be increased to 3550 € when combining two interacting devices. Further, necessary and upcoming rehabilitation measures are investigated concerning their positive impact on the energy production potential and how additional costs (e.g., higher diameters (200 mm instead of 125 mm)) can be compensated by additional profits from energy production (maximum 5250 € per year).     

基于HHT和AE主频统计的岩石破坏进程分析

岩石的AE波形主频已被证明与内部微破裂模式有着紧密的联系。目前对于岩石声发射波形的主要频谱分析方法以快速傅里叶变换(FFT)和小波变换为主,两者都存在时-频测不准和针对非平稳信号的自适应性不强的问题。目前对于岩石内部破坏过程的研究缺乏宏观定量化的分析工具。本文以自适应性强,可以直接求得时-频分布的希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)及其边际谱为基础,提出了一套新的波形频谱处理和主频统计方法。利用岩石直接拉伸试验的声发射信号验证,本文方法的统计结果与FFT方法统计得到的主频成分分布特征基本相同,但更加稳定。结合主频统计结果,本文对试件全试验过程的微破裂成分与岩石破坏进程的快慢之间的关系进行了定量的统计分析。通过对定量分析结果的讨论,笔者认为直接拉伸加载模式下微观剪破坏对受力方向上摩擦阻力的破坏效应不可忽略,其会造成强度的大幅下降。     

切削和侵入作用下层理岩层破碎机理浅析

层理岩层是石油钻井中经常遇到的一类地层,特别是在页岩气开采过程中,所钻页岩属于典型的层理岩层。研究层理岩层在钻齿作用下的破碎机理对于控制井眼轨迹、优化钻进参数、提高钻进效率都有很大指导作用。在以往岩石破碎机理研究中,一般多假设岩石介质为各向同性;但是对于层理岩层,由于其表现出强烈的强度各向异性特征,各项同性假设不再适用。本文利用离散单元方法(PFC2D)建立了钻齿与层理岩层相互作用模型。研究了层理岩层在钻齿切削和侵入过程中的破碎情况、裂纹的扩展情况以及钻齿受力情况。研究表明:切削力根据层理倾角分为高切削力区和低切削力区;液柱压力的存在对裂纹扩展有抑制作用,增大切削力;在岩石侵入过程中,层理的存在改变了裂纹的走向,当主裂纹扩展至层理处时,裂纹不再向岩石内部扩展,而是朝着层理的方向扩展。